A unique identifier that serves as a virtual location where cryptocurrency can be sent or received.

In FAssets, an agent is a participant who posts collateral and facilitates minting and redemption of FAssets (such as FXRP). AU operates as an FAssets agent on Flare.

Annual Percentage Yield is a normalised representation of an interest rate, based on a compounding period in one year. APY figures allow a reasonable, single-point comparison of offerings with different compounding schedules.

A data proof, produced via the Flare Data Connector (FDC), that confirms the validity of an external fact (for example a payment or transaction on another chain) for use by smart contracts on Flare.

AU (AU Crypto Corp) is a Flare and Songbird infrastructure provider — operating validators, an FTSO data provider, an FAssets agent, and tools including Flare Metrics, Flare.Builders, the AU App, and Sparky.

A growing list of records, called blocks, linked together using cryptography. Each block typically contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data.

Flare's Contract Chain — the EVM chain (chain ID 14 on mainnet) used for smart contracts, WFLR, FTSO delegation, and everyday transactions.

A Centralized Exchange is a cryptocurrency exchange operated by a company in a centralized manner.

Assets locked in smart contracts — for example by an FAssets agent — to back minted FAssets and secure the protocol against under-collateralization.

Flare's protocol test network (native token CFLR, chain ID 16), named in remembrance of inventor Martha J. Coston (1826–1904).

Flare's dApp test network (native token C2FLR, chain ID 114). The usual path for application development is Coston2 → Flare mainnet.

An entity that submits data to Flare's enshrined protocols (FTSO price feeds, FDC attestations, and related systems). Token holders can delegate WFLR vote power to FTSO providers to earn a share of rewards.

Decentralized Finance is blockchain-based finance that does not rely on central intermediaries such as brokerages, exchanges, or banks, and instead uses smart contracts.

Assigning vote power from wrapped tokens (WFLR or WSGB) to a data provider for FTSO participation, without transferring custody of the tokens. Distinct from P-Chain validator staking.

A decentralized exchange is a peer-to-peer marketplace connecting cryptocurrency buyers and sellers. Unlike CEXs, DEXs are typically non-custodial — users keep control of their private keys.

The Ethereum Virtual Machine — the runtime that executes smart contracts. Flare's C-Chain is EVM-compatible, so Solidity and related tooling work as on Ethereum.

A 1:1 representation on Flare of an asset from another chain (for example FXRP for XRP). FAssets are minted and redeemed in a trustless, non-custodial way via collateralized agents — not a centralized bridge custodian.

Federated Byzantine Agreement — a form of Byzantine agreement where each participant is responsible for their own trusted set of validators.

Flare Confidential Compute — smart-contract infrastructure that lets users issue on-chain instructions to Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). FCC's security combines TEE hardware attestation with a weighted majority of Flare data providers.

Flare Compute Extension — a user-defined TEE application on FCC, identified by an ExtensionID. An FCE is defined by supported code versions (hashes of reproducible VM images) and the TEEs registered to run it. ExtensionID 0 is the system extension hosting the Protocol Managed Wallet and FDC2.

Flare Data Connector — an enshrined oracle that validates external data for Flare smart contracts. Users request attestations; data providers reach consensus; results are committed on-chain (Merkle root) and verified with proofs from the Data Availability layer.

Flare Data Connector v2 — a TEE-based upgrade of the FDC running on FCC's system extension. It attests per request with lower latency than FDC v1's 90-second batch rounds, and also underpins FCC itself (TEE registration and liveness checks).

Flare Improvement Proposal — a governance proposal that can change Flare protocol parameters or policy (for example FIP.01 defined the FlareDrops distribution schedule).

An interoperable, EVM-compatible Layer 1 with enshrined data protocols (FTSO, FDC, and related systems). Built as an Avalanche fork with P-Chain staking and a C-Chain EVM, using Snowman++ consensus.

A completed 36-month FLR distribution under FIP.01 that ended on January 30, 2026. WFLR, rFLR, and staked FLR no longer accrue FlareDrop rewards; FTSO, staking, and FAssets rewards continue.

The native cryptocurrency of the Flare Network.

Flare Systems Protocol — the on-chain systems layer that coordinates Flare's enshrined protocols, including FTSO, FDC, and fast updates, and manages reward epochs and related provider infrastructure.

Flare Time Series Oracle — an enshrined oracle delivering decentralized price feeds. It provides block-latency feeds (about every ~1.8 seconds) and Scaling anchor feeds every 90 seconds, backed by stake-weighted data providers.

The FAsset representation of XRP on Flare — a 1:1 claim on XRP minted and redeemed through the FAssets protocol.

The means of directing and coordinating stakeholders in a blockchain project. On Flare, wrapped tokens (and mirrored staked FLR) can participate in governance voting.

Know Your Customer — verification processes that link a real-world identity to a customer or wallet, often required by regulated platforms.

How easily an asset can be converted to cash (or another asset) quickly without a large impact on its price.

Creating new units of a token according to protocol rules — for example minting an FAsset against locked underlying assets and agent collateral.

A non-fungible token — a unique unit of data on a blockchain that can represent ownership of a digital or physical asset and associated rights.

The P-Chain identifier of a Flare validator node (typically written NodeID-…). Staking requires a NodeID; an 0x C-Chain address cannot be staked to.

A setup where you retain sole control of your private keys — and therefore your funds — rather than depositing them with a third party.

Flare's Platform Chain — where validators are registered and native FLR is staked (self-bond plus community stake). Separate from the C-Chain used for smart contracts and WFLR.

Protocol Managed Wallet — an account on an external chain (for example XRPL or Bitcoin) whose private keys live inside TEEs and are managed from Flare. TEEs only sign external transactions when instructed with sufficient data-provider weight.

A protocol time window (on the order of a few days) over which FTSO, staking, and related rewards accrue and signing policies update. Rewards for an epoch must be claimed within the claim window (typically 90 days).

Reward FLR — incentive tokens distributed by participating Flare ecosystem projects. Distinct from FTSO and staking rewards; FlareDrops no longer accrue on rFLR after January 30, 2026.

The native cryptocurrency of the Songbird Network.

Flare account abstraction that lets XRPL users interact with Flare without holding FLR. Each XRPL address maps to a Flare smart account controlled by that address, with gas handled by an operator/relayer and security backed by FDC proofs.

A program on a blockchain that automatically executes according to its code — used for tokens, DeFi, governance, and protocol logic without a traditional intermediary.

The consensus protocol used on Flare's P- and C-chains. It provides proof-of-stake security, roughly ~1.8 second blocks, and single-slot finality.

Flare's canary network (native token SGB, chain ID 19) used to trial protocol changes before they reach Flare mainnet.

AU's AI assistant on au.cc — helps explore Flare, Songbird, staking, delegation, providers, and ecosystem topics using live network data and Flare documentation.

A cryptocurrency whose value is designed to stay close to an external reference, such as the U.S. dollar or gold.

Locking native FLR on the P-Chain to a validator NodeID for a chosen duration to help secure the network and earn staking rewards. Separate from FTSO delegation of WFLR on the C-Chain.

Trusted Execution Environment — a hardware-isolated secure computing enclave that offers confidentiality (code and memory cannot be freely inspected) and attestability (it can prove it runs the expected code). FCC runs confidential workloads inside TEEs.

A system design where participants do not need to know or trust each other or a single third party for the protocol to function correctly.

A machine that, given enough time and memory and the right instructions, can compute anything that is computable — a property of the EVM and thus of Flare smart contracts.

Unique Node List — historically, a set of nodes whose votes determine which transaction history advances the ledger in some consensus designs.

A node that participates in Flare consensus by staking FLR on the P-Chain. Validators also act as enshrined data providers for protocols such as FTSO and FDC.

Assigning an address's wrapped-token vote power (and any votes already assigned to it) to another address — typically an FTSO data provider — to support price submission and earn rewards.

Wrapped FLR — FLR wrapped 1:1 on the C-Chain via the WNat contract. Required for FTSO delegation and governance voting. There is no WFLR on the P-Chain.

Wrapped Native — the Flare contract that wraps native FLR into WFLR (and SGB into WSGB on Songbird) for delegation and governance.

Wrapped SGB — Songbird's wrapped native token on the Songbird C-Chain, used for FTSO delegation and governance on Songbird.